It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec, the oldest in the New World north of Mexico. It is also the parish church of the oldest parish in North America and the first church in North America to be elevated to the rank of minor basilica by Pope Pius IX in 1874. It is a National Historic Site of Canada.
Located on this site since 1647, the Cathedral has twice been destroyed by fire throughout the centuries. Four governors of New France and the bishops of Quebec are buried in the crypt, including François de Laval, Quebec's first bishop.
Gord and I spent two nights while we were in Quebec City at the Marriott Courtyard. I had booked it through Porter Escapes along with our flights (we flew via Porter Airlines).
There were two small elevators servicing the floors (maybe eight floors?) ... each was in a different spot in the hotel. Surprisingly there wasn't much of a wait for the one we used.
The Citadelle is a military installation and official residence located atop Cap Diamant, adjoining the Plains of Abraham. It is a National Historic Site of Canada. The Citadelle has been the home station of the Royal 22th Régiment of the Canadian Forces since 1920. In addition to its use as a military installation, it has been also an official residence of the Queen in Right of Canada and the Governor General of Canada since 1872, who by tradition resides there for several weeks out of the year.
As we rounded the corner to the entrance, the guards were on the move.
After breakfast, Gord and I walked along the fortification walls inside Vieux-Québec (Old Quebec). The first protective wall was built in the 17th century under Louis de Buade, sieur de Frontenac. A plan of fortifications was developed by the French military engineer Jacques Levasseur de Néré (1662–1723) and approved by Louis XIV's commissary general of fortifications Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban in 1701. Considerable work took place on the fortifications after the fall of Louisbourg in 1745 under the direction of military engineer Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry.
The existing star-shaped fortifications were built by the United Kingdom between 1820 and 1831 under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel Elias Walker Durnford of the Royal Engineers and incorporated a section of the French enceinte (enclosure) of 1745. Their purpose was to secure the strategic heights of Cap Diamant against the Americans and to serve as a refuge for the British garrison in the event of attack or rebellion. The preservation of much of the fortifications and defences of Quebec is due to the intervention of Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, Governor General of Canada 1872–1878, who also established the Citadelle as a vice-regal residence.